Reference Guide

Roulette Odds & Strategy — Complete Reference

Every bet type, payout, probability, and house edge in one place. American and European roulette compared side by side, with a practical overview of the six major betting strategies.

The House Edge — What It Means

Every bet in roulette is paid at odds slightly below true probability. On American roulette, a straight-up bet pays 35:1 — but the true odds are 37:1 (37 losing pockets against 1 winning pocket out of 38 total). That gap between true odds and payout is the house edge.

On American roulette the house edge is 5.26% on all standard bets. On European roulette it is 2.70%. For every $100 wagered over time, the expected loss is $5.26 on the American wheel and $2.70 on the European wheel. The house edge applies equally to every standard bet type — inside bets, outside bets, and combination bets all carry the same expected return per dollar.

Exception — the five-number bet: On American roulette, the basket bet covering 0, 00, 1, 2, and 3 carries a house edge of 7.89% — significantly worse than all other bets on the table.

American vs European Roulette

🇺🇸 American Roulette Higher house edge

Total Pockets38
Zero Pockets0 and 00
House Edge5.26%
Even-Money Win Prob.47.37%
Straight-Up Win Prob.2.63%
Expected Loss per $100$5.26

🇪🇺 European Roulette Lower house edge

Total Pockets37
Zero Pockets0 only
House Edge2.70%
Even-Money Win Prob.48.65%
Straight-Up Win Prob.2.70%
Expected Loss per $100$2.70

The single additional 00 pocket on the American wheel nearly doubles the house edge. European roulette is mathematically preferable for the player on every bet type where both are available.

Complete Odds & Payouts Table

Every standard bet type with probabilities and house edge for both wheel variants.

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Bet TypeNumbers CoveredPayout Prob. (American)Prob. (European)House Edge
Outside Bets
Red / Black181:147.37%48.65%5.26% / 2.70%
Odd / Even181:147.37%48.65%5.26% / 2.70%
Low (1–18)181:147.37%48.65%5.26% / 2.70%
High (19–36)181:147.37%48.65%5.26% / 2.70%
Dozens & Columns
Dozen (1st / 2nd / 3rd)122:131.58%32.43%5.26% / 2.70%
Column (1st / 2nd / 3rd)122:131.58%32.43%5.26% / 2.70%
Inside Bets
Six-Line65:115.79%16.22%5.26% / 2.70%
Corner (Square)48:110.53%10.81%5.26% / 2.70%
Street311:17.89%8.11%5.26% / 2.70%
Split217:15.26%5.41%5.26% / 2.70%
Straight Up135:12.63%2.70%5.26% / 2.70%
Special (American Only)
Basket / Five-Number5 (0,00,1,2,3)6:113.16%N/A7.89% ⚠
Key point: The house edge is identical across all standard bet types on both wheels. Choosing a six-line over a straight-up does not improve the mathematical position — it changes variance. Inside bets produce larger swings; outside bets produce more consistent session results. Neither changes the expected loss per dollar wagered.

Variance — Inside vs Outside Bets

Variance describes how much results swing from session to session. While the house edge is the same across all bets, the experience of playing inside versus outside bets is very different.

Outside bets (Red/Black, Odd/Even) win roughly 47–49% of spins. They produce smaller individual swings and more predictable session results. A bankroll lasts considerably longer on even-money bets than on inside bets at the same stake.

Inside bets (straight-ups, splits) win rarely but return large multiples when they do hit. A straight-up win at 35:1 returns 36 times the stake. Session outcomes vary dramatically — the same bankroll and session length might end anywhere from zero to several hundred units depending on whether a low-probability number appeared.

The appropriate choice depends on session goals, bankroll size, and risk tolerance rather than any mathematical advantage of one over the other.

Betting Strategy Overview

Betting strategies govern how much to wager on each spin based on previous results. No strategy alters the house edge or the probability of any individual spin. What strategies control is bet sizing progression — which affects variance, bankroll requirements, and session duration.

● Low Risk

Flat Betting

Same stake every spin. No progression. The baseline against which all other strategies are measured. Produces the slowest bankroll drain and the most consistent session-to-session results.

● Low Risk

Paroli

Double after a win, reset after a loss or three consecutive wins. Designed to ride short winning streaks using winnings rather than the player's own stake. Losses are capped at the base bet per sequence. Full guide →

● Medium Risk

D'Alembert

Add one unit after a loss, subtract one after a win (floor: base bet). A gentle negative progression. Bets grow slowly during losing runs and shrink during winning runs. Full guide →

● Medium Risk

Loss Trigger

Flat bet only, but only enter after N consecutive losses on the chosen bet type. Reduces total bets placed per session, reducing total exposure to house edge per session.

● High Risk

Fibonacci

Progress through the sequence 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21… on losses; step back two steps on a win. Slower to escalate than Martingale but still subject to table limit constraints on long losing runs. Full guide →

● High Risk

Martingale

Double after every loss, reset after a win. A single win recovers all losses plus one base unit. Requires large bankroll reserves and hits table limits after 7–8 consecutive losses. Full guide →

Bankroll Reference

Minimum bankroll required to survive N consecutive losses for each strategy at a $10 base bet before hitting a $500 table limit.

Strategy5 Losses7 Losses10 LossesTable Limit Hit At
Flat$50$70$100Never (fixed bet)
D'Alembert$75$105$150~45 consecutive losses
Fibonacci$130$340$1,230~10 losses
Martingale$310$1,270$10,230~6 losses ($10 base / $500 limit)
General guidance: A commonly cited rule of thumb is to bring at least 50× the base bet to any session. This provides enough buffer to absorb normal variance. For progressive strategies like Martingale or Fibonacci, 100–200× the base bet is a more realistic survival buffer given how quickly bets escalate during a losing run.

Run the Numbers Yourself

Our free simulator lets you test every strategy across hundreds of sessions. Set your base bet, table limit, spins per session, and bet type — then compare P&L distributions, win streaks, and max bet reached across all six strategies.

▶ Open the Roulette Calculator

Frequently Asked Questions

What are the odds of winning at roulette?
On a single spin, the probability of winning an even-money bet is 47.37% on American roulette and 48.65% on European roulette. The house retains the remainder as its mathematical edge on every spin regardless of previous results.
What is the best bet in roulette?
All standard bets carry the same house edge — 5.26% on American and 2.70% on European. No single bet type offers a mathematical advantage over another. The basket bet (0, 00, 1, 2, 3) on American roulette is the only exception at 7.89% and is generally considered the worst bet on the table.
Does it matter which numbers I bet on?
Mathematically, no — each number has an equal probability of appearing on any spin regardless of recent history. The live tracker in our calculator scores betting zones based on recent spin patterns, which can be used to inform decisions, but does not change the underlying probability of any future spin.
How long does a roulette bankroll last?
With flat betting, a bankroll of 50 units (e.g. $500 at $10 base) will typically survive well over 100 spins before depleting. Progressive strategies like Martingale can deplete the same bankroll in as few as 6–8 spins during a losing streak if the progression runs uncapped.
How does roulette compare to other casino games?
European roulette's 2.70% house edge is lower than American roulette (5.26%) and comparable to baccarat (1.06–1.24%). Blackjack with basic strategy can reach approximately 0.5%. American roulette's edge is higher than most standard table games. The choice depends on available variants, table limits, and personal preference.
Disclaimer: This content is for educational and informational purposes only. All figures represent mathematical expectations and do not constitute advice or a guarantee of any outcome. Roulette is a game of chance. Never bet more than you can afford to lose. If gambling is causing problems, contact the National Problem Gambling Helpline at 1-800-522-4700 or visit BeGambleAware.org.